What Relationships Of Power Are Featured During America Of...

Ana Gabriela Garzon HIST 1301. 22201 Exam Two Responses 13 August 2015 Ana G. Garzon HIST 1301 Exam 2 08 August 2015 1) What relationships of power are featured in â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† (Document 1)? How are unequal power relationships reflected in Tocqueville’s distinctions between the three races (Document 2)? What future does Tocqueville predict for these groups of people and why? Based upon your own knowledge, how accurate do you believe Tocqueville’s observations and predictions were? In the painting, Virginian Luxuries (Unknown, 1800), it is possible to observe and describe the roles of those two man races in America of the time. First of all, the painting is related to the time of slavery (1619-1865) and the unequally of positions between the Negros and whites. Second, we can appreciate the gender role. For instance, the Black men who worked in crop fields is being used and deprived of his human rights by the land owner. In the case of the woman, as an object she is used as well to satisfying her owner. Finally, we can observed that the unknown painter detailed the whites’ men face very well, yet the black men and woman’s face appears faceless or without identification. This a representation of the European view towards Negros as a uniform object or animal. Alexis Toqueville in his publication the â€Å"Democracy in America† categorized three races predominated in the 1835 America and advocated the future for those two races. The first race is theShow MoreRelatedPrimary Source Analysis : Virginian Luxuries1339 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis 1) What relationships of power are featured in â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† (Document 1)? How are unequal power relationships reflected in Toqueville’s distinctions between the three races (Document 2)? What future does Toqueville predict for these groups of people and why? Based upon your own knowledge, how accurate do you believe Toqueville’s observations and predictions were? Relationships of power that featured in â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† (Document 1) include the relation between white power and AfricanRead MoreBob Fosses 1972 Cabaret792 Words   |  3 Pagesbeing seen across Europe and North America. Various European cultures of the 1920s embraced new ideas and artistic styles called expressionism that focused on experimental fields of expression and looking into the future. In Bob Fosses 1972 musical Cabaret, the flamboyant world of art appears under the intimidating Nazi era. This film follows the German Expressionism trend as seen through its avant-garde style and sense of emotion. The editing techniques, featured art, and deeper meaning all testifyRead MoreHow Are Unequal Power Relationships Reflected In Virginian Luxuries1600 Words   |  7 Pages(Name) (University) â€Æ' What relationships of power are featured in â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† (Document 1)? How are unequal power relationships reflected in Toqueville’s distinctions between the three races (Document 2)? What future does Toqueville predict for these groups of people and why? Based upon your own knowledge, how accurate do you believe Toqueville’s observations and predictions were? Basing on the provided painting of the Virginian luxuries (Unknown, 1800), power dynamics that dominated inRead MoreThe Media Effect : Donald Trump Campaign Case Study Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagessocial media platofroms such as twitter and his own website that promoted his slogan â€Å"Make America America great again† provoked different emotion across the country. But despite his own self-promotion across different platform, how did Donald Trumps campaign become so widespread noticed by not only by the United States but the World? The Answer: Mass Media The media, a powerful source of information but what are the affects? While the media is seen by many as a vital source of information offeredRead MoreSocial Constructionism and the Relationship Between Meaning and Power1181 Words   |  5 Pagesreality. The whole hub of social knowledge customs, institutions, routines, habits, perceptions is socially constructed derived through our socialization and becomes our subjective reality. These are intensified and disseminated, if not, often times created, by powers of society, such as the media, who create and use words to forge certain images in peoples minds and to create the realties that they wish to render. The following essay uses a recent advertisement from Singapore Airlines as example of thisRead MoreWho Said That Animation Is Just For Kids Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesshow!†. Children in America today are raised on cartoons, as most American animation is directed at children. If you were to ask the people who said tha t they used to watch cartoons if they still watch animated shows today, they would probably say that they grew out of watching cartoons a long time ago. However, this is not the case everywhere, in Japan animated shows are directed to all ages instead of just children. Animated television shows are made for children in America, but in Japan animationRead MoreAmerican Identity And American Identity1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Harlem Renaissance. Although our country has gone through this turmoil and faced ethnic issues, our true identity shines through with our fight for freedom, the ability to create our own-and americas- path through american ingenuity even in times of great distress. Through the workings of Jackson Pollock, showing how not to conform, and through the Jazz evolution; the american identity has always shown its fight for freedom and independence the country contains. Ever since the Puritans landedRead MoreDuring the 1960s, a new culture spread throughout the United States, stirring up the Flower Power800 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960s, a new culture spread throughout the United States, stirring up the Flower Power movement as well as the aversion from the typical American lifestyle. These â€Å"Hippies† as they were known, didn’t want to fit in with the mainstream crowd. The name â€Å"hippie† was taken from the term â€Å"hipster†. It described how the Hippies believed that we should make love, not war, their vocal opposition to the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, and the increasingly rocky road to shared civilRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club Socratic Seminar Questions1104 Words   |  5 PagesJia-yi (Jenny) Cen AP Literature and Composition 23 July 2015 The Joy Luck Club Socratic Seminar Questions The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, exposes the paradoxical relationships between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-raised daughters. Although both sides experience their own strife in life, the mothers are probably most notable for their struggle in assimilating to society. Given that they are the first generations to have contact with the unfamiliar culture, they must set foot onto theRead MoreHamilton : An American Musical1358 Words   |  6 Pagesretells the story of Alexander Hamilton, the first United States Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. With the aid of hip-hop and rap, Lin-Manuel Miranda dramatises Hamilton’s struggles and contributions during the American Revolution and the formative years of the United States. It is praised for its breaking of Broadway conventions, compelling characters and their interactions, beautiful musicality, and the progression of its plot. There are many that

Discusses the Importance of Truth in The Catcher in the Rye

From the very beginning of the novel, Holden decides what you want to hear, and what hes going to tell you. He refuses to talk about his parents past because that stuff bores me, and his parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything pretty personal about them.(page 1) Throughout the novel, he avoids telling the truth about anything too personal or boring. This suggests he thinks nothing of being economical with the truth for his own convenience. He certainly seems eager to decide for himself how much hes going to tell you. Im not going to tell you my whole goddamn autobiography or anything. Ill just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me.(page 1) He also informs us that he hasnt†¦show more content†¦Another truth that Holdens casual attitude might distract us from, is whom hes really talking to. There are a few vague references to his location in the opening pages. Just before I got pretty run down, and had to come out here and tak e it easy. That isnt too far from this crummy place, and he comes over and visits me practically every weekend. But these references dont indicate who hes talking to exactly. We already assume that hes told his brother something similar to the story hes about to tell, and its a fair assumption that he was in the same location at the time, since his brother often visits. It doesnt seem important to know the truth about whom Holdens really talking to. The books casual tone helps the reader relate to Holden, and since they dont know who hes talking to, the casual reader may assume that Holdens talking to them. This is responsible in part for the books status as a cult classic. Since most of the novel takes place in the recent and distant past, the truth about Holdens current location seems unimportant. It is more important, in certain instances, during the text to imagine the location or scene that Holden is describing. Its more useful to picture the museum, for example, to relate to the way Holden feels about it, especially when he finally enters. Its important to picture this scene to understand why it upsets Holden so much. Picturing theShow MoreRelatedHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. TheRead MoreLanguage Catcher in the Rye4730 Words   |  19 PagesThe American Dialect Society The Language of The Catcher in the Rye Author(s): Donald P. Costello Source: American Speech, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Oct., 1959), pp. 172-181 Published by: Duke University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/454038 . Accessed: 30/01/2011 11:19 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in partRead More Oppression and Depression: The Effects of White Masculinity2725 Words   |  11 Pagesattractive, or whether men just prefer these traits in each other and themselves, the standards of beauty are still predetermined on their behalf. A tall, handsome, muscular male is physically and visually considered a man. In the book Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger admires these traits in the character of Stradlater through Holden Caulfield’s perspective. Caulfield is amazed at what a â€Å"very sexy guy† Stradlater is, and how â€Å"handsome† he is. Holden is obviously personally impressed by his

Diet Free Essays

Weight and eating right are constantly thrown at us today. Many diet and exercise plans claim to be based In scientific fact, that the findings have been completed In a lab under controlled circumstances to produce results. Some of these articles are titled â€Å"Weird Reasons We Gain Weight† and â€Å"The Psychology of a Restaurant Menu. We will write a custom essay sample on Diet or any similar topic only for you Order Now † These articles are everywhere on the Internet, and make various claims behind the science of eating, food and things it can do to our bodies. I will examine the popular science behind the psychology of eating, the popularity of diets proven by â€Å"science† and how science drives our eating habits as a society and culture. David A. Kessler is a Harvard trained doctor, lawyer and former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Kessler Is also the author of the book â€Å"The End of Overeating† which examines why people cannot resist or stop consuming certain foods. Kessler believes that overeating begins In our brain, not In our bodies. He has developed a theory that claims that foods high In fat, salt and sugar alter the brains chemistry In ways that causes people to overeat. L According to Kessler, rather than satisfying hunger the combination of salt-fat-sugar stimulate the brain to crave more of these foods. What happens is these foods cause the brain to release dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure center, into the person’s body. This causes the person to associate these foods with pleasure, causing a craving of the food. Over time, Just the thought or sight of the foods makes the dopamine pathways light up, causing an uncontrollable desire for the food. Once the person has eaten the food, the brain releases voids, which produces emotional relief. This combination of dopamine and voids create a pathway that activates every time the person thinks about the food. Deprivation, such as that caused when a person diets, only causes a person to crave the food more, this Is why diets don’t often work. Kessler says that a rewiring of the brain Is required to stop this cycle. Once this Is done, the body stops craving foods like It did before. 2 The difficultly will be changing how and what we eat as a culture, o that these foods are not as readily available. Much of the science behind diets is rooted in the proper nutrition needed for ones’ body. Recently, Chris and Alexander van Tulle, identical twins and both physicians, decided to test the effectiveness of two different â€Å"popular diets. † Chris’ consisted of super low fat, only 2% of his daily intake was fat, while Alexander diet was high-protein, that completely eliminated sugar. They had a similar daily routine, and followed the exact same fitness regime every day. Both experience unwelcome side effects, from bad breath to constipation. Alexander felt sluggish and had issues keeping up with Chris on bike rides. Chris on the other hand, claimed he had a constant gnawing hunger that couldn’t be satisfied without fats. While Alexander was the weight loss winner for the month, his high protein diet caused his body to go Into ketosis, a state In which the body burns fat but doesn’t effectively provide the brain with the glucose (sugar) it needs for energy. How to cite Diet, Papers

Andy Warhol Early Life and Career Essay Example For Students

Andy Warhol Early Life and Career Essay Andy Warhol Mini Bio Born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator who became a leading artist of the sass Pop art movements. He ventured into a wide variety of art forms, including performance art, filming, video installations and writing, and controversially blurred the lines between fine art and mainstream aesthetics. Warhol died on February 22, 1987, in New York City. QUOTES Id prefer to remain a mystery. I never give my background, and, any. Y, make it all up different every time Im Born Andrew Warhol on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy Whorls parents were Slovakian immigrants, His father, Indore Warhol, was a construction worker, while his mother, Julia Warhol, was an embroiderer. They were devout Byzantine Catholics who attended mass regularly, and maintained much of their Slovakian culture and heritage while living in one of Pittsburgh Eastern European ethnic enclaves, At the age of 8, Warhol co ntracted Chorea?also known as SST. Vitas Dance?a rare and sometimes fatal disease of the nervous system that left him bedridden for several months. It Vass during these months, while Warhol was sick in bed, that his mother, herself a skillful artist, gave him his first drawing lessons. Drawing soon became Whorls favorite childhood pastime. He was also an avid fan of the movies, and when his mother bought him a camera at the age of 9 he took up photography as well, developing film in a makeshift darkroom he set up in their basement. Warhol attended Holmes Elementary school and took the free art classes offered at the Carnegie Institute (now the Carnegie Museum of Art) in Pittsburgh. In 1942, at the age of 14, Warhol again suffered a tragedy when his father passed away from a jaundiced liver. Warhol was so upset that he could not attend his fathers funeral, and he hid under his bed throughout the wake. Whorls father had recognized his sons artistic talents, and in his will he dictated that his life savings go toward Whorls college education. That same year, Warhol began at Sciences High School, and upon graduating in 1945, he enrolled at the Carnegie Institute for Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) to study pictorial design. Artistic Career When he graduated from college with his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1949, Warhol moved to New York City to pursue a career as a commercial artist. It was also at this time that he dropped the a at the end of his last name to become Andy Warhol. He landed a job vivid Glamour magazine in September, and went on to become one Of the most successful commercial artists Of the sass. He on frequent awards for his uniquely whimsical style, using his own blotted line technique and rubber Stamps to create his drawings. In the late sass, Warhol began devoting more attention to painting, and in 1961 he debuted the concept of pop art ?paintings that focused on mass-produced commercial goods. In 1962, he exhibited the now-iconic paintings of Campbell soup cans. These small canvas works of everyday consumer products created a major stir in the art world, bringing both Warhol and pop art into the national spotlight for the first time.

The bombing of Dresden in World War II

Reconstruction and Deconstruction of the World through Cultural Studies

Reconstruction and Deconstruction of the World through Cultural Studies Introduction Learning involves critical reading, clear conceptualization of ideas, understanding and appreciation of others’ ideologies. The study of social and cultural disciplines provides a unified platform for the analysis of different cultural activities in the context of reconstruction or deconstruction of the world, as we know it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction and Deconstruction of the World through Cultural Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major spheres of the world’s reconstruction and deconstruction include societal, cultural, economical and political aspects and remain a major area of focus in the cultural studies and therefore calls for critical understanding of the different cultural backgrounds and cultural activities of the world generally found in cultural and social books and films. The study of cultures continues to propagate the deconstruction of the world as it is. Learning of the old cultures, clinking on to them, and believing on these olden cultural myths and history bars development and progress politically and socially among citizens across nations. Misinterpretation of cultures plays a critical role in destroying the world through conflict of cultures in learning institutions, places of work or even in places of worship. In the cases of cultural misunderstanding and conflicting societies, there is little or no progress economically, politically, and socially. Moreover, some cultures have no ‘respect’ for nature; here nature comes at the bottom of priorities but human life and sustenance comes first and this phenomenon confirms outright deconstruction of the world by cultural studies. On the other hand, cultural studies disseminate information, ideologies, and interpretations of cultural activities and action important in the development and creation of health societies and communities across countries of the world . Understanding of cultural myths and exchange of ideas through sharing of experiences in a social class destroys autonomy of cultures and encourages communism of cultures. Cultural studies in deconstruction of the world The concept of culture industry and its social and political effects The concept of culture industry involves the centralization of cultural masses to one marketplace where the best pieces of art or popular cultural activities succeed. This concept largely destroys the autonomy of one culture given that, the integration of masses of culture gives each piece of art whether high art, or low art, an equal opportunity of expression.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Politically, the concept of culture industry destroys the spirit of capitalism in cultural activities where each culture enjoys cultural expression and presentation individually and independentl y to the now collective and centralized cultural mass presentation (Adorno 482). By the political disturbance of the initiation of the cultural industry, societies lack freedom of cultural expression and presentation and appreciation of their cultural creativity simply because perhaps their pieces of art did not succeed in the centralized marketplace and therefore, genuine happiness decreased in the society. Controls in production and distribution exist with prices dependent on the utility of the piece of art to the customer. Affecting freedom of cultural expression affects societal and political aspects of ‘world construction’ and progress therefore propagating deconstruction of the world. Effects of Myths and History in Deconstruction of the World Myths and history play an important role in deconstruction of the world; in his book, ‘the great family of man’ Barthes portrays man everywhere across the continent to have similar sequence of events throughout one’s life and places nature at the bottom of history (Barthes 345). The argument comes from analysis of several photographs of people taken from different parts of the world and shows men to be universally the same with similar characteristics and behavior. The interpretation of the photographs attributes man to undergo similar conditions regardless of his or her geographical location. According to the myth and history here, men are born; they work, play, and die. History gives meaning to each human condition through which the entire family of men passes especially death. The myth and history do not give recommendation on improvement of facilities of the world to prevent misfortunes like injuries and death but after death, myths and history will hold that, ‘once born ought to die’ even if the death resulted from high child mortality caused by lack of basic human necessities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction and Deconstruct ion of the World through Cultural Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firm belief on such myths and history learned from cultural disciplines implicates continuous deconstruction of the world. Racial Policies and Deconstruction of the World Cultural studies propagate moral decay across the societies and communities of the world through the publication of literature materials, magazines, and branding of commercial merchandise and clothing with information advertising or spreading sexual immorality such as gay as is the case with Abercrombie and Fitch branding company (McBride 567). As a marketing strategy, these brandings target the white youth from upper class families. The company practices employment discrimination based on race, color, and nationality. Employment policy favors the whites only at the expense of the other races. Employment remains purely for the whites even requiring submission of current photographs by every employee to the management in order to maintain the ‘A F look’ as referred after every quarter of the year. Vices such as discrimination, racism and moral drainage cause decreased economic, political, and social development with the favored community, society or race progressing while on the other hand, the marginalized people languishing in poverty especially where discrimination in employment applies. Cultural Studies in Reconstruction of the World Meaning Of Cultural Text via Decoding and Appropriation Decoding entails the right interpretation of a text, image, or figure for better understanding because every text, image, or figure has a hidden meaning encoded in it. The main meaning encoded in these texts comprises the dominant intended meaning. Every cultural image or artifacts carry with it some message that requires interpretation. Negotiation as a type of cultural text interpretation involves allowing different people to interpret a cultural text, image, or figure in th eir own way and make their own judgments (Cartwright and Sturken 544). People look at the cultural artifacts; cultural performances such as dances and rituals then make their own interpretation.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The meaning here is not fixed but depends on people’s perception about the image or text. Cultures enjoy the freedom of expression and subsequent interpretation is not limited to the producers of the art but diversified to other people, each making his/her own meaning depending on his/her thinking. In this case, the dominant ideology surrounding a particular piece of art and barring change erodes, giving way for new ideologies with high potential of progress. The act of allowing diversified interpretation of cultural activities allows the inclusion of significant meaning which affect other aspects of world reconstruction as economic growth, political and social development as people enjoy the freedom of cultural interpretation without discrimination. On the other hand, cultural appropriation plays a central role in propagation of contradiction to the dominant ideology of a cultural text. It involves ‘borrowing’ of meaning and changing of the dominant meaning of a cultural artifact, image or product to mean something else different. For instance, political art uses cultural appropriation to form political campaign slogans while the health sector uses appropriated cultural artifacts to warn against the spread of the deadly killer diseases like AIDS. Through this method of cultural text interpretation, there is enhancement of reconstruction of the world as information dissemination involves some cultural slogans coined from popular cultural activities and actions. How sub cultures resist dominant social norms Mainstream cultures have a defined cultural norm, followed across the cultural communities; however, subcultures, normally within the cultures contradict the mainstream cultural norms. In the story ‘Real world of counter publicity’ cultural behavior exhibited is different from what the mainstream cultural values demand. The speech of the women is incredible especially those trapped in sexual immorality (Zamora 482). The expla nation of what women go through in sexual abuse is way beyond what the mainstream cultural values and norms require. The culture of immorality oppresses those practicing it and through counter publicity, which has political intervention use, it has a communicative tool to air out the problems including violence that the people in these subcultures go through. Here there is exchange of ideologies and decision making depending on personal thinking and interpretation. Political movements and alliances propagate campaigns against such cultural violence as experienced in the subcultures of sexual immorality, thus bringing into light the dehumanizing experiences and violence that women in the cultures of prostitution undergo. This helps in reconstruction of the world in that the hidden secrets of what actually happens in the world of prostitution is brought open for the public domain to decide. John Fiske’s concept of popular discrimination Contrary to cultural industry concept, wh ich stresses on the best form of cultural artifact to succeed in the central cultural marketplaces, the concept of popular discrimination stresses on functionality of the piece of art over the quality. This concept affirms that, if a cultural text applies to many popular cultural activities, then it is relevant and therefore people may produce meaning even beyond the intended meaning by the producer. The significant difference here is that, John Fiske stresses on flexibility of the product in its consumption and relevance of the cultural product to the people using the cultural artifacts (Fiske 345). With the relevance of utilization of the cultural products, there is correct interpretation of the culture hence leading to right and proper application of the ideas and knowledge obtained helping in the reconstruction of the world. Punk Rock Culture The youth in the music band ‘punk rock’ defies the dominant cultural understanding of beauty by adopting a youth subculture w hereby, fashions, hairstyles, body markings, and application of facial make-ups dictates is central to beauty and attractiveness. This emergent trend contradicts the mainstream cultural understanding of beauty, which only focused on body piercing and tattooing as the only ways to express beauty. Changes in the model of commodity production are also inevitable in the punk rock performance whereby, things like current car models are in exhibition (Hebdige 99). Current clothing fashions and shoes run in displays in different shopping mall. Success in business performance results from the integrated marketing style coupled with widespread production of youth products ranging from toys and magazines to house wares. This defiance of the dominant understanding of the beauty, success, and commodity in cultures has led to development of new forms of measuring beauty, success, and commodity for better performance hence enhancing development and confirming reconstruction of the world. Influenc e of the cultural class in understanding the world Through the cultural class, it is clear that the world belongs to us, and through our cultural activities, we can either reconstruct it to enjoy the best out of it, or deconstruct it to experience the unpleasant effects thereof. Defiance from dominant cultural beliefs and understanding sometimes propagates one’s development because some cultural beliefs allow little or no room for additional thoughts, which can bring about development. Understanding of different cultural activities from the cultural class helps to understand the entire world hence improves the understanding of why things happen the way they happen in different parts of the world. Conclusion Cultural studies provide a rich ground and a unique opportunity for exchange of ideologies and sharing of experiences from different cultural groups. The ideas exchanged and experiences shared helped me to understand the world critically through the lenses of reconstructed world, as it ought to be. Adorno, Theodor. The culture industry; selected essays on mass cultures. London: Routledge, 1991. Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. New York: The noonday press, 1957. Cartwright, Lisa, and Sturken, Marita. Practise of looking. New York: Oxford university press, 2009. Fiske, John. Understanding popular cultures. London: Metheun and company limited, 2005. Hebdige, Dick. Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Routledge, 1979. Zamora, Pedro. Real world counter publicity: Performing an ethics of the self. Paris: Seuil, 1982.

Media, Culture, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media, Culture, and Society - Essay Example Women had been limited to serve the family. Women, during Betty’s time period, were not allowed to find a male job (Curran 147). Second, Betty could choose to walk the uncharted and unfamiliar path. Betty decided to choose the less travelled road. Betty chose to be an engineer. Society during Betty’s time reserved the engineering jobs to the male members of society. Betty’s boss also believes that Betty’s place should be at home. Betty’s friends were strongly against Betty’s determination to become an engineer. Evidently, the story emphasizes that TV shows incorporate luminal and bardic functions of popular entertain as a cultural forum for people to espouse their agreement or disagreement on Women’s swerving away from their normal charted paths, like having men’s jobs (Curran 147). Question 2. Mass Media is cultural forum. Mass media facilitates discussion concerning its television shows (Lull 157). People see television shows, watch a movie, read newspapers, hear news, views, and music from the radio stations, and research the internet. All these are media outlets. Mass media is a powerful tool that can change the minds of the viewers or listeners. Father Knows Best focuses on a family that represents a minor group of families in the United States during the 1950’s era. ... Television brainwashes American Society to break away from tradition and go where no one has gone before. Consequently, the television show is considered a site of ideological contention, despite its attempts at ideological containment. The Father Knows Best television series espouses that family members must go out of their way to ensure the family is always happy, considered ideological containment. The television show creates a twist that makes the television viewers decide whether women and their families can go against tradition by allowing Betty to be an engineer, doing home chores and making babies. Mass media is espousing ideological containment because the television series, love boat caters to the television audience’s love cravings. The Love Boat television series creates a cultural forum among the television viewers as they discuss and defend their own opinions regarding The Love Boat issues. Question 3. Both Newcomb and Hirsch correctly espouse that television is a cultural forum (), where people debate issues shown in mass media’s television shows, being the government’s ideological apparatus or voice. The two authors insist that the television’s glaring messages normally influence or alter the television audiences’ current position on certain cultural issues (Edgerton 58). The television image of commercials portraying sexy women as beautiful creates loyalists and detractors of such â€Å"slender is in† concepts. The authors emphasize that the mass media, especially the television shows can make or break a person, family, or community. Consequently, people come together to discuss their viewpoints on the television shows, including the Father Knows Best television series. Mass media tries to make the people take a stand and to